The Panhandle Plains region was a crucial frontier for settlers during Texas’ westward expansion. Known for its wide-open spaces and rugged terrain, this area required forts to protect cattle trails, settlers, and trade routes. These forts were instrumental in shaping the Panhandle’s growth, serving as hubs of defense and community. While some forts remain beautifully preserved, others exist only as ruins or markers, each telling its own story of Texas’ frontier history.

Preserved Forts

• Fort Griffin: Established in 1867, this fort played a key role in securing cattle trails and protecting settlers during the Indian Wars. Today, it’s home to the official Texas longhorn herd and features reconstructed and original buildings.
• Fort Concho: Designated as a National Historic Landmark, Fort Concho served as a vital military post from 1867 to 1889. Visitors can explore restored barracks, a museum, and historical exhibits.
• Fort Richardson: Built in 1867, this fort helped secure the Texas frontier after the Civil War. Restored structures include the officers’ quarters and the hospital, offering a window into postwar military life.

Ruins or Partially Preserved Forts

• Fort Phantom Hill: Established in 1851, this fort is best known for its haunting chimneys that still stand amid the ruins. It served as a mail route stop and offers a unique glimpse into life on the frontier.

Lost or Historical Marker Sites

• Fort Belknap: Founded in 1851 near Newcastle, this fort was a critical defensive post during the Indian Wars. Although partially reconstructed, much of it is now lost.
• Fort Chadbourne: Established in 1852 near Bronte, this fort protected settlers and is partially restored with some original structures remaining.
• Fort Elliott: Located in Hemphill County, this fort guarded cattle trails and settlers in the late 19th century. It is now commemorated with a historical marker.