Battle of Gonzales: First Skirmish of the Texas Revolution on October 2, 1835
Location
- City/Town: Gonzales
- County: Gonzales County
Introduction
On October 2, 1835, the Battle of Gonzales marked the first military engagement of the Texas Revolution. This small yet significant skirmish between Texian settlers and Mexican troops near the town of Gonzales symbolized the beginning of the struggle for Texas independence from Mexico. The battle is famously remembered for the defiant slogan “Come and Take It,” which became a rallying cry for Texian resistance and determination.
Background of the Battle
Political Tensions
In the early 1830s, tensions were escalating between the Mexican government and the settlers in Texas, known as Texians. The Mexican government, under President Antonio López de Santa Anna, implemented centralist policies that curtailed the autonomy previously granted to Texas and other Mexican states. These policies, along with growing dissatisfaction among Texians over issues such as land rights, immigration, and legal matters, fueled the desire for greater independence.
The Gonzales Cannon
In 1831, the Mexican government had given the settlers of Gonzales a small cannon to help defend against frequent Comanche raids. By 1835, with tensions rising, Colonel Domingo de Ugartechea, the Mexican military commander at San Antonio de Béxar, ordered the retrieval of the cannon, fearing it might be used against Mexican forces. The Texians, viewing this demand as an affront to their rights and a symbol of Mexican tyranny, refused to return the cannon.
Preparations and Mobilization
The Mexican Demand
In late September 1835, Ugartechea dispatched a contingent of Mexican soldiers, led by Lieutenant Francisco de Castañeda, to Gonzales to retrieve the cannon. Upon arrival, Castañeda’s troops found the Guadalupe River swollen and the ferry removed, preventing them from crossing. The Texians, aware of the Mexican troops’ approach, buried the cannon and called for reinforcements from surrounding communities.
The Texian Response
The settlers in Gonzales, determined to resist, gathered a small force of about 150 men, including volunteers from nearby settlements. Under the command of John Henry Moore, they dug up the cannon, mounted it on a makeshift cart, and prepared to defend their town. The Texians were resolute in their defiance, crafting a flag with the now-famous inscription “Come and Take It” and an image of the cannon.
The Day of the Battle: October 2, 1835
The Skirmish Begins
On the morning of October 2, 1835, the Texian forces crossed the river and approached the Mexican camp. After a brief parley in which Castañeda reiterated his orders to retrieve the cannon and the Texians reiterated their refusal, the skirmish began. The Texians fired the first shots of the Texas Revolution, using their cannon loaded with scrap metal and nails.
The Engagement
The battle was brief and involved light skirmishing between the two forces. The Texians, despite being outnumbered, used the terrain to their advantage and effectively harassed the Mexican troops. Castañeda, recognizing the futility of the situation and under orders to avoid unnecessary bloodshed, eventually ordered a retreat. The Mexican troops withdrew back to San Antonio de Béxar without the cannon.
Texian Victory
The skirmish ended with no Texian casualties and minimal Mexican losses. The successful defense of the cannon by the Texians was a symbolic victory that emboldened the settlers and galvanized support for the burgeoning revolution.
The Aftermath of the Battle
Impact on the Texas Revolution
The Battle of Gonzales, though a minor skirmish, had a profound impact on the Texas Revolution. It marked the first open defiance of Mexican authority and demonstrated the willingness of the Texians to take up arms for their rights and autonomy. The slogan “Come and Take It” became a powerful symbol of Texian resolve and resistance.
Mobilization for War
Following the Battle of Gonzales, support for the revolution grew rapidly. Volunteers from across Texas began to converge on Gonzales, eager to join the fight against Mexican rule. The Texians organized a more formal army and began planning further military actions to secure their independence.
Legacy and Commemoration
The Battle of Gonzales is celebrated as the opening salvo of the Texas Revolution. The site of the battle is preserved as a historic landmark, and the events are commemorated annually with reenactments and ceremonies. The “Come and Take It” flag remains an enduring symbol of Texas pride and independence.
Legacy of the Battle of Gonzales
Historical Significance
The Battle of Gonzales holds a significant place in the history of Texas and the broader narrative of American expansion. It marked the beginning of a successful struggle for independence that would culminate in the establishment of the Republic of Texas.
Cultural Impact
The legacy of the Battle of Gonzales is deeply ingrained in Texan culture. The bravery and determination of the Texian settlers are celebrated in folklore, literature, and popular culture. The “Come and Take It” slogan continues to resonate as a symbol of defiance and liberty.
Modern Reflections
Today, the Battle of Gonzales is viewed with a sense of historical pride and reflection. It serves as a reminder of the sacrifices and challenges faced by the early settlers in their quest for freedom and self-determination. The battle’s legacy is honored through education, preservation, and public commemoration.
Conclusion
The Battle of Gonzales on October 2, 1835, was a pivotal moment in the Texas Revolution. This first skirmish between Texian settlers and Mexican troops symbolized the start of a determined struggle for independence. The defiant stand taken by the Texians, encapsulated by the iconic “Come and Take It” flag, set the tone for the revolution and inspired a movement that would ultimately lead to the creation of the Republic of Texas.
By exploring the history and impact of the Battle of Gonzales, we gain a deeper appreciation for the courage and resilience of those who fought for Texas independence. The story of this small but significant battle highlights the importance of standing up for one’s rights and the enduring spirit of freedom that continues to define Texas.
